The sleep history / Paul Reading and Sebastiaan Overeem -- Polysomnography: indications, interpretation and pitfalls / John Shneerson -- Daytime tests for sleepiness: indications, interpretation, and pitfalls / Gert Jan Lammers and J. Gert Van Dijk -- Nosological classification and diagnostic strategy / Geert Mayer and Dirk Pevernagie -- Pharmacological treatment of nocturnal sleep disturbances / Sue Wilson and David Nutt -- Pharmacological treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness / Karel Sonka -- Nonpharmacological treatments / Melanie K. Means and Margaret D. Lineberger -- Restless leg syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder / Thomas C. Wetter -- Sleep disorders in idiopathic Parkinson's disease / Isabelle Arnulf, Paul Reading, and Marie Vidailhet -- Sleep disorders in Parkinson's-plus syndromes / Valerie Cochen De Cock -- Sleep in other neurodegenerative diseases / Alex Iranzo -- Myotonic dystrophy / José Enrique Martínez-Rodríguez -- Sleep and breathing in neuromuscular disease / G. John Gibson -- Headache disorders / Jeanetta C. Rains and J. Steven Poceta -- Sleep epilepsies / Luigi Ferini-Strambi -- Seizures versus parasomnias / Elio Lugaresi and Federica Provini -- Sleep-wake disorders following traumatic brain injury / Christian R. Baumann -- Sleep disturbances after stroke / Dirk M. Hermann and Claudio L. Bassetti -- Hypersomnias of central origin / Sebastiaan Overeem and Paul Reading -- Neuro-immunological disorders / Takashi Kanbayashi, Paul Reading, and Seiji Nishino -- Tumors and paraneoplastic syndromes / Alex Iranzo and Francesc Graus -- Effects of medications on sleep and wakefulness / Gé S.F. Ruigt and Joop van Gerven