Introduction -- Thermodynamic Quantities and their Interrelationships -- General Thermodynamics -- Solution Thermodynamics -- Further Reading -- Roasting of Sulfide Minerals -- Methods of Roasting -- Objectives -- Chemistry of Roasting -- Thermodynamics of Roasting -- Kinetics of Roasting -- Predominance Area Diagrams as a Useful Guide in Feed Preparation -- Problems -- References -- Sulfide Smelting -- Matte Smelting of Chalcopyrite -- Flash Smelting -- Submerged Tuyere Smelting -- Matte Converting -- Ausmelt/Isasmelt: Top Submerged Lancing (TSL) Technology -- Matte Smelting of Galena -- Matte Smelting of Nickel Sulfide -- Theory of Direct Conversion of Molten Nickel Sulfide into Nickel -- Continuous Converting -- Noranda Continuous Converting Process -- Outokumpu Flash Converting Process -- Mitsubishi Continuous Converting Process -- Direct Metal Extraction from Concentrates -- Outokumpu Flash Smelting Process -- Mitsubishi Process -- Problems -- References -- Metallurgical Slag -- Structure of Oxides -- Role of Ion Dimension -- Metal-Oxygen Bonds -- Structure of Slag -- Properties of Slag -- Basicity of Slag -- Oxidizing Power of Slag -- Sulfide Capacity of Slag -- Electrical and Thermal Conductivity -- Viscosity -- Surface Tension -- Diffusivity -- Constitution of Metallurgical Slag -- State of Oxidation of Slag -- Slag Theories -- Ionic Theories -- Molecular Theory -- Problems -- References -- Reduction of Oxides and Reduction Smelting -- Reduction Methods -- Thermodynamics of Reduction of Oxides -- Metallothermic Reduction -- Thermal Decomposition -- Reduction with Carbon Monoxide -- Reduction with Hydrogen -- Kinetics of Reduction of Oxides -- Chemical Reaction with Porous and Nonporous Product Film -- Commercial Processes -- Production of Iron -- Production of Zinc -- Production of Tungsten and Molybdenum -- Problems -- References -- Interfacial Phenomena -- Precipitation -- Nucleation of Gas Bubbles in a Liquid Metal -- Role of Interfaces in Slag-Metal Reactions -- Emulsion and Foam -- Froth Flotation -- Other Applications -- Problems -- References -- Steelmaking -- Steelmaking Processes -- Bessemer Process -- Open Hearth Process -- Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Process -- Top-Blown Basic Oxygen Converter Process -- Rotating Oxygen-Blown Converter Process -- Bottom-Blown Oxygen Converter Process -- Hybrid/Bath Agitated/Combined-Blown Process -- Physicochemical Principles -- Sulfur Reactions -- Phosphorus Reactions -- Silicon Reactions -- Manganese Reactions -- Carbon Reactions -- Kinetics of Slag-Metal Reactions -- Pre-treatment of Hot Metal -- External Desiliconization -- External Desulfurization -- External Dephosphorization -- Simultaneous Removal of Sulfur and Phosphorus -- Chemistry of Refining -- Bessemer Process -- Open Hearth Process -- Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Process -- Top-Blown Basic Oxygen Converter Process -- Rotating Oxygen-Blown Converter Process -- Bottom-Blown Oxygen Converter Process -- Hybrid/Bath Agitated/Combined-Blown Process -- Problems -- References -- Secondary Steelmaking -- Inert Gas Purging (IGP) -- Ladle Furnace (LF) -- Deoxidation -- Choice of Deoxidizers -- Complex Deoxidizers -- Vacuum Deoxidation -- Deoxidation Practice -- Removal of Deoxidation Products -- Stainless Steelmaking -- Physicochemical Principles -- Stainless Steelmaking Processes -- Injection Metallurgy (IM) -- Refining with Synthetic Slag -- Vacuum Degassing -- Nitrogen in Iron and Steel -- Hydrogen in Iron and Steel -- Vacuum Treatment of Steel -- Problems -- References -- Role of Halides in Extraction of Metals -- Preparation of Halides -- Complex Fluoride Processes -- Halogenation of Oxides -- Halogenation of Ferro-Alloys -- Crystallization from Aqueous Solution -- Purification of Chlorides -- Purification of Titanium Tetrachloride -- Purification of Columbium Pentachloride -- Purification of Vanadium Tetrachloride -- Metal Production -- Metallothermic Reduction -- Fused Salt Electrolytic Process -- Purification -- Disproportionate Process -- Iodide Process -- Problems -- References -- Refining -- Principle -- Methods of Refining -- Fire Refining -- Metal-Metal Refining -- Metal-Gas Refining -- Miscellaneous Group -- Ultra-purification -- Zone Refining -- Electro-transport -- Iodide Decomposition -- Refining along with Melting and Consolidation -- Problems -- References -- Hydrometallurgy -- Leaching -- Leaching Methods -- Breakdown of Refractory Minerals -- Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Breakdown -- Concentrated Alkali Breakdown -- Physicochemical Aspects of Leaching -- Thermodynamics of Aqueous Solutions -- Stability Limit of Water -- Potential-pH Diagrams -- Electrochemical Phenomenon in Leaching -- Kinetics of Caching -- Treatment of Leach Liquor -- Chemical Precipitation -- Fractional Crystallization -- Ion Exchange -- Solvent Extraction -- Recovery of Metals from Leach Liquor -- Precipitation of Metal Sulfides -- Cementation -- Gaseous Reduction -- Problems -- References -- Electrometallurgy -- Principle -- Cell Potential -- Discharge Potential -- Current and Energy Efficiency -- Applications -- Electrowinning -- Electrorefining -- Problems -- References