Regal period, 753 BC-509 BC: the Etruscans and the question of Etruscan dominance -- The early republic, 509-211 BC: the spread of Roman power and forms -- The later republic, 211 BC-31 BC: the origins of a Hellenistic Roman culture -- The age of Augustus, 31 BC-AD 14: the art of empire -- The Julio-Claudians, AD 14 -- 68: the rise of Roman dynastic art -- The Flavians, AD 69-96: civil war, disaster and response -- Trajan and Hadrian, AD 98-138: emperors from the provinces -- Antonine emperors, AD 138-192: from an empire of gold to one of rust -- Civil war and Severan dynasty, AD 193-235: calm before the storm -- The third century and the tetrarchy, AD 235-306: crisis and renewal -- Constantine, AD 306-337: Christian empire and the decline of the West