edited by Harri Holma, Antti Toskala, and Jussi Reunanen
1 online resource
Includes bibliographical references and index
Introduction / Harri Holma -- Introduction -- LTE Global Deployments and Devices -- Mobile Data Traffic Growth -- LTE Technology Evolution -- LTE Spectrum -- Small Cell Deployments -- Network Optimization -- LTE Evolution Beyond Release 13 -- Summary -- References -- LTE and LTE Advanced in Releases 8-11 / Antti Toskala -- Introduction -- Releases 8 and 9 LTE -- Releases Sand 9 Physical Layer -- LTE Architecture -- LTE Radio Protocols -- LTE Advanced in Releases 10 and 11 -- Carrier Aggregation -- Multiple Input Multiple Output Enhancements -- HetNet Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination -- Coordinated Multipoint Transmission -- UE Capability in Releases 8-11 -- Conclusions -- References -- LTE-Advanced Evolution in Releases 12-13 / Antti Toskala -- Introduction -- Machine-Type Communications -- Enhanced CoMP -- FDD-TDD Carrier Aggregation -- WLAN-Radio Interworking -- Device-to-Device Communication with LTE -- Single Cell Point to Multipoint Transmission -- Release 12 UE Capabdilities -- Conclusions -- References -- Small Cell Enhancements in Release 12/13 / Antti Toskala, Timo Lunttila, Tero Henttonen, Jari Lindholm -- Introduction -- Small Cell and Dual Connectivity Principles -- Dual Connectivity Architecture Principle -- Dual Connectivity Protocol Impacts -- Dual Connectivity Physical Layer Impacts and Radio Link Monitoring -- Other Small Cell Physical Layer Enhancement -- 256 QAM for LTE Downlink -- Small Cell ON/OFF Switching and Enhanced Discovery -- Power Saving with Small Cell ON/OFF -- Over the Air Synchronization Between eNodeBs -- Release 13 Enhancements -- Conclusions -- References -- Small Cell Deployment Options / Harri Holma, Benny Vejlgaard -- Introduction -- Small Cell Motivation -- Network Architecture Options -- Frequency Usage -- Selection of Small Cell Location -- Indoor Small Cells -- Distributed Antenna Systems -- Wi-Fi and Femto Cells -- Femto Cell Architecture -- Recommendations -- Cost Aspects -- Macro Network Extension -- Outdoor Small Cells -- Outdoor Pico Cluster -- Indoor Offloading -- Summary -- References -- Small Cell Products / Harri Holma, Mikko Simanainen -- Introduction -- 3GPP Base Station Categories -- Micro Base Stations -- Pico Base Stations -- Femtocells -- Low-Power Remote Radio Heads -- Alternative Remote Radio Head Designs for Indoor Use -- Distributed Antenna Systems -- Wi-Fi Integration -- Wireless Backhaul Products -- Summary -- Reference -- Small Cell Interference Management / Rajeev Agrawal, Anand Bedekar, Harri Holma, Suresh Kalyanasundaram, Klaus Pedersen, Beatriz Soret -- Introduction -- Packet Scheduling Solutions -- Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination -- Concept Description -- Performance and Algorithms -- Enhanced Coordinated Multipoint (eCoMP) -- Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) -- Summary -- References -- Small Cell Optimization / Harri Holma, Klaus Pedersen, Claudio Rosa, Anand Bedekar, Hua Wang -- Introduction -- HetNet Mobility Optimization -- Inter-site Carrier Aggregation with Dual Connectivity -- User Data Rates with Inter-site Carrier Aggregation -- Mobility with Dual Connectivity -- Ultra Dense Network Interference Management -- Ultra Dense Network Characteristics -- Proactive Time-Domain Inter-cell Interference Coordination -- Reactive Carrier-Based Inter-cell Interference Coordination -- Power Saving with Small Cell On/Off -- Multivendor Macro Cell and Small Cells -- Summary -- References -- Learnings from Small Cell Deployments / Brian Olsen, Harri Holma -- Introduction -- Small Cell Motivations by Mobile Operators -- Small Cell Challenges and Solutions -- Summary of Learnings from Small Cell Deployments -- Installation Considerations -- Example Small Cell Case Study -- Site Solution and Backhaul -- Coverage and User Data Rates -- Macro Cell Offloading and Capacity -- KPIs in Network Statistics -- Mobility Performance -- Parameter and RF Optimization -- Summary -- LTE Unlicensed / Antti Toskala, Harri Holma -- Introduction -- Unlicensed Spectrum -- Operation Environment -- Motivation for the Use of Unlicensed Spectrum with LTE -- Key Requirements for 5 GHz Band Coexistence -- LTE Principle on Unlicensed Band -- LTE Performance on the Unlicensed Band -- Coexistence Performance -- Coverage with LTE in 5 GHz Band -- Standardization -- Conclusions -- References -- LTE Macro Cell Evolution / Mihai Enescu, Amitava Ghosh, Bislwarup Mondal, Antti Toskala -- Introduction -- Network-Assisted Interference Cancellation -- Evolution of Antenna Array Technology -- Deployment Scenarios for Antenna Arrays -- Massive-MIMO Supported by LTE -- Sectorization (Vertical)-Based Approaches -- Reciprocity-Based Approaches -- Further LTE Multi-antenna Standardization -- Release 13 Advanced Receiver Enhancements -- Conclusions -- References -- LTE Key Performance Indicator Optimization / Jussi Reunanen, Jari Salo, Riku Luostari -- Introduction -- Key Performance Indicators -- Physical Layer Optimization -- Call Setup -- Random Access Setup -- RRC Connection Setup -- E-RAB Setup -- E-RAB Drop -- Handover Performance -- UE-Triggered RRC Connection Re-establishments -- eNodeB-triggered RRC Connection Re-establishments -- Handover and Mobility Optimization -- Throughput Optimization -- MIMO Multi-stream.
Usage Optimization -- High-Speed Train Optimization -- Network Density Benchmarking -- Summary -- References -- Capacity Optimization / Jussi Reunanen, Riku Luostari, Harri Holma -- Introduction -- Traffic Profiles in Mass Events -- Uplink Interference Management -- PUSCH -- PUCCH -- RACH and RRC Setup Success Rate -- Centralized RAN -- Downlink Interference Management -- PDSCH -- Physical Downlink Control Channel -- Signalling Load and Number of Connected Users Dimensioning -- Signalling Load -- RRC-Connected Users -- Load Balancing -- Capacity Bottleneck Analysis -- Summary -- References -- VoLTE Optimization / Riku Luostari, Jari Salo, Jussi Reunanen, Harri Holma -- Introduction -- Voice Options for LTE Smartphones -- Circuit Switched Fallback -- Basic Concepts -- CSFB Call Setup Time, Transition to Target RAT -- CSFB Call Setup Success Rate -- Return to LTE after CSFB Call -- Voice over LTE -- Setup Success Rate and Drop Rate -- TTI Bundling and RLC Segmentation -- Semi-persistent Scheduling -- Packet Bundling -- Re-establishment with Radio Preparations -- Voice Quality on VoLTE -- Single Radio Voice Call Continuity -- Signalling Flows -- Performance -- Summary -- References -- Inter-layer Mobility Optimization / Jari Salo, Jussi Reunanen -- Introduction -- Inter-layer Idle Mode Mobility and Measurements -- Initial Cell Selection and Minimum Criteria for UE to Camp on a Cell -- Summary of Cell Reselectian Rules -- Idle Mode Measurements -- Inter-layer Connected Mode Measurements -- Inter-layer Mobility for Coverage-Limited Network -- Basic Concepts -- Mapping Throughput Target to SINR, RSRQ and RSRP -- Inter-layer Mobility Example #1 (Non-equal Priority Non-equal Bandwidth LTE Layers) -- Inter-layer Mobility Example #2 (Equal Priority Equal Bandwidth LTE Layers) -- Inter-layer Mobility for Capacity-Limited Networks -- Static Load Balancing via Mobility Thresholds -- Dynamic Load Balancing via eNodeB Algorithms -- Summary -- References -- Smartphone Optimization / Rafael Sanchez-Mejias, Laurent Noël, Harri Holma -- Introduction -- Smartphone Traffic Analysis in LTE Networks -- Data Volumes and Asymmetry -- Traffic-Related Signalling -- Mobility-Related Signalling -- User Connectivity -- Smartphone Power Consumption Optimization -- Impact of Downlink Carrier Aggregation -- Impact of Discontinuous Reception -- Smartphone Operating Systems -- Messaging Applications -- Streaming Applications -- Voice over LTE -- VoLTE System Architecture -- VoLTE Performance Analysis -- Standby Performance -- Impact of Network Loading and Radio Quality -- Smartphone Battery, Baseband and RF Design Aspects -- Trends in Battery Capacity -- Trends in Cellular Chipset Power Consumption -- Impact of Small Cells on Smartphone Power Consumption -- Summary -- References -- Further Outlook for LTE Evolution and 5G / Antti Toskala, Karri Ranta-aho -- Introduction -- Further LTE-Advanced Beyond Release 13 -- Towards 5G -- 5G Spectrum -- Key 5G Radio Technologies -- Expected 5G Schedule -- Conclusions -- References
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"This book addresses R & D and standardization activities on LTE small cells and network optimization, focusing on 3GPP evolution to Release 13. In addition, the book is written by experts from Renesas, T-Mobile, Teliasonera and Videotron. The book covers: 1) LTE small cells from specification to products and field results, 2) Latest 3GPP evolution to Release 13 and 3) LTE optimization and learnings from the field"--