عنوان

Plastics and environmental sustainability /

1118312600

1119009383

1119009391

1119009405

9781118312605

9781119009382

9781119009399

9781119009405

9781118312605

dltt

Plastics and environmental sustainability /

[Book]

Anthony L. Andrady, PhD, Adjunct Professor of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University

1 online resource

Includes bibliographical references and index

The Anthropocene -- Energy Futures -- Fossil Fuel Energy -- Oil -- Coal -- Gas -- Nuclear Energy -- Renewable Energy -- Wind Energy -- Solar Energy -- Solar Biomass Energy -- Materials Demand in the Future -- Materials of Construction -- Metal Resources -- Critical Materials -- Plastic Materials -- Environmental Pollution -- Classifying Pollution Impacts -- Climate Change and Global Warming -- References -- A Sustainability Primer -- The Precautionary Principle -- Objectives in Sustainability -- Microeconomics of Sustainability: The Business Enterprise -- Models on Implementing Sustainability -- Life Cycle Analysis -- The Emerging Paradigm and the Plastics Industry -- Examples from Plastics Industry -- Using the Minimum Energy Needed to Manufacture Products -- Using the Energy Mix with a Minimal Environmental Footprint -- Recovering Waste Process Energy for Reuse -- Using Only as Much Material as Is Needed to Ensure Functionality -- Using More of Renewable and Recycled Raw Materials -- Reusing and Recycling Postuse Products -- Minimizing Externalities at Source: Green Chemistry -- Avoiding Toxic Components and Potential Hazards Associated with Products and Processes -- Converting the Pollutants into Resources -- References -- An Introduction to Plastics -- Polymer Molecules -- Size of Polymer Molecules -- Consequences of Long-Chain Molecular Architecture -- Molecular Weight of Chain Molecules -- Tacticity -- Partially Crystalline Plastics -- Chain Branching and Cross-Linking -- Glass Transition Temperature -- Synthesis of Polymers -- Addition or Chain Growth Reaction -- Condensation or Step Growth Reaction -- Copolymers -- Testing of Polymers -- Tensile Properties -- Thermal Properties: DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) -- Thermal Properties: TGA -- Common Plastics -- Polyethylenes -- Polypropylenes -- Polystyrene -- Poly(vinyl chloride) -- References -- Plastic Products -- Plastics: The Miracle Material -- Plastic Production. Use, and Disposal -- From Resin to Products -- Resin Manufacture -- Compounding -- Processing into Product -- Processing Methods for Common Thermoplastics -- Injection Molding -- Extrusion -- Blow Molding -- The Environmental Footprint of Plastics -- Energy Considerations in Resin Manufacture -- Atmospheric Emissions from Plastics Industry -- Plastics Additives -- Fillers for Plastics -- Plasticizers in PVC -- Biopolymcr or Bio-Derived Plastics -- Bio-Based Plastics and Sustainability -- Emerging Bio-Based Plastics -- Bio-PE -- Bio-PET -- PLA -- Poly(Hydroxyalkanoates) -- Bio-Based Thermosets: PU -- References -- Societal Benefits of Plastics -- Transportation Applications of Plastics -- Passenger Cars -- Air and Sea Transport -- Benefits from Plastic Packaging -- Waste Reduction -- Chemical and Microbial Protection -- Plastics in Agriculture -- Building Industry Applications -- Pipes, Conduit, and Cladding -- Extruded PVC Cladding and Window Frames -- Foam Insulation -- Wood-Plastic Composites -- Original Equipment Manufacture (OEM) -- Using Plastics Sustainably -- References -- Degradation of Plastics in the Environment -- Defining Degradability -- Chemistry of Light-Induced Degradation -- Light-Initiated Photo-Oxidation in PE and PP -- Embrittlement and Fragmentation -- Temperature and Humidity Effects on Degradation -- Wavelength-Dependent Photodamage -- Testing Plastics for Photodegradability -- Enhanced Photodegradable Polyolefins -- Effects of Photodegradation on Biodegradation -- Biodegradation of Polymers -- Terminology and Definitions -- Biodegradable Plastics -- Testing Readily Biodegradable Plastics -- Biodegradability of Common Polymers -- Additives that Enhance Degradation in Common Polymers -- Degradable Plastics and Sustainable Development -- References -- Endocrine Disrupter Chemicals -- Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals Used in Plastics Industry -- BPA (2,2-Bis(4-Hydroxyphenyl)Propane) -- Exposure to BPA -- Effects of Exposure to BPA -- Dose-Response Relationships of BPA -- Safe Levels of BPA -- Contrary Viewpoint on BPA -- Environmental Sustainability and BPA -- Phthalate Plasticizers -- Exposure to Phthalates -- Toxicity of Phthalates -- Environmental Sustainability and Phthalates -- Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) -- Toxicity of PBDEs -- Environmental Sustainability and PBDE -- Alkylphenols and Their Ethoxylates (APE) -- EDCs and PET Bottles -- References -- Plastics and Health Impacts -- Packaging versus the Contents -- Packaging Milk in HDPE -- Overpackaging -- Package-Food Interactions -- Oxygen and Water Permeability -- Additive Migration and Toxicity -- Residual Monomer in Packaging Resin -- Scalping of Flavor Components -- Styrene and Expanded Polystyrene Food Service Materials -- Exposure to Styrene from Packaging -- Leachate from PET Bottles -- Ranking Common Plastics -- PVC -- References -- Managing Plastic Waste -- Recovery of Waste -- Material Recycling -- Feedstock Recovery -- Energy Recovery -- Pyrolysis of Plastic Waste for Feedstock Recovery -- Direct Thermolysis -- Hydrogenation or Hydrocracking -- Gasification -- Thermal Gasification -- Plasma Arc Gasification -- Feedstock Recycling -- Landfilling -- Plastics Waste Incineration -- Biological Recovery Technologies -- Sustainable Waste Management Choices -- Mechanical Recycling of Plastics -- Recycling: A Sustainable Choice -- Recycling Bottles: Beverage Bottles and Jugs -- Bottle-to-Bottle Recycling -- Open-Loop Recycling -- Recycling of HDPE -- Designing for Recydability -- References -- Plastics in the Oceans -- Origins of Plastics in the Ocean -- Weathering of Plastics in the Ocean Environment -- Beach (Supralittoral) Zone -- Surface Water Zone -- Deep Water and Sediment Zones -- Comparison of the Weathering Rates in Different Zones -- Microplastic Debris -- Primary and Secondary Microplastics -- Persistent Organic Pollutant in Microplastics -- Ingestion of Microplastics by Marine Species -- Ocean Litter and Sustainability -- References

0

Plastics and environmental sustainability.

9781118312605

Plastics-- Biodegradation.

Plastics-- Environmental aspects.

Plastics-- Health aspects.

TEC-- 010000

Andrady, A. L., (Anthony L.)

Ohio Library and Information Network.

20160603080201.4

pn

[Book]

Y