Introduction / Julia Herschensohn and Martha Young-Scholten -- Part I: Theory and practice -- Theories of language from a critical perspective / Jan Koster -- History of the study of second language acquisition / Margaret Thomas -- Theoretical approaches / Florence Myles -- Scope and research methodologies / Melinda Whong and Clare Wright -- Part II: Internal ingredients -- The role of the native language / Claire Foley and Suzanne Flynn -- Learning mechanisms and automatization / Richard Towell -- Generative approaches and the poverty of the stimulus / Bonnie D. Schwartz and Rex A. Sprouse -- Learner internal psychological factors / Jean-Marc Dewaele -- Alphabetic literacy and adult SLA / Elaine Tarone, Kit Hansen and Martha Bigelow -- Part III: External ingredients -- Negotiated input and output/interaction / María del Pilar García Mayo and Eva Alcón Soler -- Second language identity construction / Elizabeth R. Miller and Ryuko Kubota -- Socialization / Georges Daniel Véronique -- Variation / Vera Regan -- Electronic interaction and resources / Astrid Ensslin and Cedric Krummes -- Part IV: Biological factors -- Age related effects / Julia Herschensohn -- Childhood second language acquisition / Belma Haznedar and Elena Gavruseva -- Incomplete L1 acquisition / Silvina Montrul -- Third language acquisition / Jason Rothman, Jennifer Cabrelli Amaro and Kees de Bot -- Language processing / Alice Foucart and Cheryl Frenck-Mestre -- Affect and the brain / Andrea Mates and Anna Joaquin -- Part V: Properties of interlanguage systems -- The lexicon / James Milton and Giovanna Donzelli -- Semantics / Laurent Dekydtspotter -- Discourse and pragmatics / Roumyana Slabakova -- Morphosyntax / Tania Ionin -- Phonology and speech / Ellen Broselow and Yoonjung Kang -- Part VI: Models of development -- Explaining change in transition grammars / Michael Sharwood Smith, John Truscott and Roger Hawkins -- Stage-like development and organic grammar / Anne Vainikka and Martha Young-Scholten -- Emergentism, connectionism and complexity / Randal Holme -- Input, input processing and focus on form / Joe Barcroft and Wynne Wong -- Sociocultural theory and the zone of proximal development / Amy Snyder Ohta -- Nativelike and non-nativelike attainment / Donna Lardiere