Probable cause -- The exclusionary rule -- Stop and frisk -- Arrests and other seizures of persons -- Seizures of things -- Seizures -- in general -- Searches after arrest -- Searches with consent -- Vehicle stops and searches -- Searches of people in vehicles -- Roadblocks -- Electronic surveillance -- Plain view and open fields searches -- Lineups and other pretrial identification procedures -- Use of force -- Confessions and admissions : cases affirming Miranda -- Confessions and admissions : cases weakening Miranda -- What constitutes interrogation for Miranda purposes? -- Right to counsel related to policing -- Entrapment -- Legal liabilities