Introduction -- Back pain magnitude and potential risk factors -- Function, structure, and support of the back -- The process of pain -- Potential pathways to back pain -- The assessment of biomechanical forces acting on the low back -- The influence of physical work factors on muscle activities and spine loads -- Psychosocial and organizational factor influence on spine loading -- Individual factors role in spine loading --
Physical, individual, and psychosocial/organizational risk factor interactions -- Engineering controls to mediate back pain at work : tools for the assessment of physical factor impact on spine loads and intervention effectiveness -- Administrative controls for the workplace : psychosocial and organizational interventions -- Integrating risk interventions into the workplace -- Understanding recurrent low back pain and implications for return to work -- Conclusions