Machine generated contents note: 1.Four key issues -- Questions About Ethics and Metaphysics -- Questions About Ethics and Epistemology -- Questions About Ethics and Philosophy of Language -- Questions About Ethics and Philosophy of Mind -- Conclusion -- Chapter Summary -- Study Questions -- Further Resources -- Answers to Questions of Understanding -- Works Cited -- Notes -- 2.Nonnaturalism -- A More Precise Characterization -- The Case for Nonnaturalism -- Arguments Against Nonnaturalism -- Conclusion -- Chapter Summary -- Study Questions -- Further Resources -- Answers to Questions of Understanding -- Works Cited -- Note -- 3.Expressivism -- Arguments In Favor of Expressivism -- Versions and Objections -- Conclusion -- Chapter Summary -- Study Questions -- Further Resources -- Answers to Questions of Understanding -- Works Cited -- 4.Error theory & fictionalism -- Mackie's Arguments for Error Theory -- Objections and Replies -- Versions of Fictionalism -- Conclusion Note continued: Chapter Summary -- Study Questions -- Further Resources -- Answers to Questions of Understanding -- Works Cited -- Notes -- 5.Naturalism -- Neo-Aristotelian Naturalism -- Relativism As A Form of Naturalism -- A Posteriori Naturalism -- A Priori Network Naturalism -- Conclusion -- Chapter Summary -- Study Questions -- Further Resources -- Answers to Questions of Understanding -- Works Cited -- Notes -- 6.Summary & chart -- The Four Main Areas -- Costs and Benefits -- Conclusion -- Chapter Summary -- Study Questions -- Answers to Questions of Understanding -- 7.Theories that are hard to classify in traditional terms -- Beliefs Or Desires -- Why Not A Bit of Both? -- Ethical Facts -- Why Do They Have to Be