Acting on maxims -- Action -- Maxims -- The practical syllogism -- Intentions -- Desires -- Will -- Choice and wish -- Faculty of choice -- Imperatives -- Reasons for action -- Justification and explanation -- Incentives -- Logical and psychological force -- Incorporating incentives -- Moral weakness -- Causes of desire -- Causes of choice -- Practical pleasure -- Interest -- Motivational hedonism -- Moral feeling -- The classical model -- Free choice -- Psychological determinism -- Affected but not determined -- The incorporation thesis -- The question just posed -- Adopting maxims -- Incentive strength -- Strength of desire -- Types of choice -- Choice and explanation -- Another look at "Willkغur" -- Acting in two worlds -- Causation in time -- Cause and world -- Noumenal action -- Timeless causation -- Personal identity -- Metaphysical egoism -- Panlibertarianism -- Timeless agency -- Character from two standpoints -- Standpoints -- Neutral objects -- Justification and explanation revisited -- A deterministic account of moral motivation -- Causation and character -- Empirical and intelligible character -- The allegory of the play -- "Ought" implies "can" -- Moral objections -- Moral motivation -- Moral incentives -- The feeling of respect -- Motivating feeling -- Phenomenology of respect -- Feeling and character -- Acting from duty -- Choosing motives -- Moral worth and virtue -- Senses of "virtue" -- Ends of virtue -- The moral life -- Evil nature, good will -- Radical evil -- "Gesinnung" -- Explaining evil -- Evil in three degrees -- From bad to better -- Views on the good will -- Good will in Groundwork I -- Moral strength -- Personality -- Good will and virtue -- Conclusion : grounds for hope