Adaptation / Tim Lewens -- Population genetics / Roberta L. Millstein, Robert A. Skipper Jr. -- Units and levels of selection / Elisabeth A. Lloyd -- What's wrong with the emergentist statistical interpretation of natural selection and random drift / Robert N. Brandon, Grant Ramsey -- Gene / Paul E. Griffiths, Karola Stotz -- Information in biology / Peter Godfrey-Smith -- Reductionism (and antireductionism) in biology / Alexander Rosenberg -- Mechanisms and models / Lindley Darden -- Teleology / Andrae Ariew -- Macroevolution, minimalism, and the radiation of the animals / Kim Sterelny -- Philosophy and phylogenetics: historical and current connections / Maureen Kearney -- Human evolution: the three grand challenges of human biology / Francisco J. Ayala -- Varieties of evolutionary psychology / David J. Buller -- Neurobiology / Valerie Gray Hardcastle -- Biological explanations of human sexuality: the genetic basis of sexual orientation / Christopher Horvath -- Game theory in evolutionary biology / Zachary Ernst -- What is an 'embryo' and how do we know? / Jane Maienschein -- Evolutionary developmental biology / Manfred D. Laubichler -- Molecular and systems biology and bioethics / Jason Scott Robert -- Ecology / Gregory M. Mikkelson -- From ecological diversity to biodiversity / Sahotra Sarkar -- Biology and religion / Robert T. Pennock -- The moral grammar of narratives in history of biology: the case of Haeckel and Nazi biology / Robert J. Richards.