Giambattista Vico -- Phenomenology -- Hermeneutics -- Marxism and language -- Lev Vygotsky -- Meaning and perspectives: George Herbert Mead and Jakob von Uexkeull -- Ludwig Wittgenstein: 'Shewing out of the bottle' -- Gregory Bateson: a cybernetic view of communication and human interaction -- Sociologies- micro and macro: Garfinkel, Goffman and Giddens -- Sources of the self -- Michel Foucault and his challenges -- Discourse analysis -- Ken and Mary Gergen -- Rom Harrae -- John Shotter