Understanding religious identity in fourth century Antioch -- Identity and religious interaction in Antioch -- Chrysostom and preaching as discourse and ideology -- Libanius and the practical use of religious allegiance -- Comparing Libanius and chrysostom's representations of religious identity and allegiance -- Imperial society, religion and literary culture in fourth century Antioch -- The imperial city of Antioch -- The religious context of fourth century Antioch -- The oral and literary world of Libanius and John Chrysostom -- Constructed and strategic religious identities and allegiances -- Chrysostom and the construction of religious identities -- Labelling and the construction of religious identities -- The construction of Christian identity and Greekness -- Greek religion and the construction of religious difference -- Christians versus Jews, Greeks and heretics -- Libanius and the strategic use of religious allegiance -- Libanius' labelling and definition of religious allegiance -- The strategic use of references to religious allegiance -- References to the religious allegiance of Christians and Jews -- A feel for the fourth century religious game -- Religious identities and other forms of social identification -- Religious identity and other social identities in Chrysostom -- Religious identity and political identity -- Civic identity and religious identity I : the transformation of the city -- Civic identity and religious identity II : the demonization of civic life -- Ethnic identity and religious identity -- Religious allegiance and other social identities in Libanius -- Religious allegiance and the political sphere -- Civic identity and religious allegiance I : the separation of civic and religious life -- Civic identity and religious allegiance II : religious difference and the civic community -- Religious allegiance and ethnic identity -- Religious identities and social organization -- Chrysostom and social structure among Christians in Antioch -- Chrysostom's preaching and textual communities -- Construction of a sense of community -- Unbaptized Christians and the Christian community -- Choice and multiplicity of social allegiance among christians -- Libanius, religious allegiance, and social structure -- Libanius' writings and a 'pagan' party focused on Julian -- Libanius' self-representation and his relationship with Julian -- References to religious organization in Julian's reign -- Social networks and religious allegiance -- Assessing the impact of constructions of identity -- Religious identity, religious allegiance and religious practice -- Defining religious practice and defining religious practice -- Religious practice and religious identity -- Demonic forces and personal religious power.