عنوان

<The> Empiricists

IR

996971

انگلیسی

IR

[Book]

:A Guide For the Perplexed

/ Laurence Carlin

London ; New York

: Continuum

, 2009.

xi, 190 p.

(Guides for the Perplexed)

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Index

Introduction : The empiricists and their context - Empiricism and the empiricists - The intellectual background to the early modern empiricists - Martin Luther and the Reformation - Aristotelian cosmology and the scientific revolution - Aristotelian/scholastic hylomorphism and the rise of mechanism - The Royal Society of London - Francis Bacon (1561-1626) - The natural realm : the idols of the mind - Idols of the tribe - Idols of the cave - Idols of the marketplace - Idols of the theatre - Knowledge and experience : induction introduced - Aristotelian/scholastic syllogisms : deductions dismissed - Baconian empiricism : induction introduced - Conclusion : Bacon the empiricist - Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) - The natural realm : Hobbes's materialistic mechanism - The importance of motion - Sensation and the mind - Knowledge and experience : definitions and the Euclidean method - Two kinds of knowledge and proper ratiocination - The method of analysis and the method of synthesis - Conclusion : Hobbes the empiricist - Pierre Gassendi (1592-1655) - The natural realm : Gassendi's atomism - The basic principles of Gassendi's atomism - Atomistic sensation - Knowledge and experience : the 'middle way' to knowledge - The sceptics are partly correct - Knowledge regained? - Conclusion : Gassendi the empiricist - Robert Boyle (1627-1691) - The natural realm : Boyle's mechanism ('corpuscularianism') - The basic principles of Boyle's mechanism (or 'corpscularianism') - Sensation and the mind - Knowledge and experience : mechanism and the cautious experimenter - The excellency of mechanism - Experimentation and the status of mechanism - Conclusion : Boyle the empiricist - John Locke (1632-1704) - The natural realm : Locke's mechanism - Against innatism -- Ideas and the tabula rasa - Primary and secondary qualities, and our confused idea of substance - Locke on power - Knowledge and experience : Locke's epistemology - Indirect realism, or the representational theory of perception - The certainty of knowledge - The origin of knowledge - The extent of knowledge - Conclusion : Locke the empiricist - Isaac Newton (1642-1727) - The natural realm : Newton's Principia - A world of forces : universal gravitation - What kind of quality is gravity? - Mechanism and action at a distance - Knowledge and experience : rules for the study of natural philosophy - The four rules - Whither natural philosophy? - Conclusion : Newton the empiricist - George Berkeley (1685-1753) - The natural realm : Berkeley's idealism - The world contains only souls and ideas - Esse est percipi : two arguments for idealism/immaterialism - Against the primary/secondary quality distinction - Knowledge and experience : Berkeley's common sense epistemology - Against the representational theory of perception - Defeating the sceptic, and returning to common sense - Mechanism, Newtonianism, and instrumentalism : Berkeley on the new science - Responses to popular objections - Conclusion : Berkeley the empiricist - David Hume (1711-1776) - The natural realm : Hume's psychological approach - Impressions and ideas - The principles of association - Knowledge and experience : Hume's semi-scepticism - Relations of ideas vs. matters of fact - From matters of fact to cause and effect : Hume's first question - Knowledge of cause and effect : Hume's second question - The problem of induction : Hume's third question - Hume's positive account of causation : induction regained? - Conclusion : Hume the empiricist - Empiricism and the empiricists : summary and conclusion.

Empiricism

Carlin, Laurence

ایران

Library of Foreign Languages and Islamic resource

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