The moral economy of the madrasa: islam and education today / Fariba Adelkhah and Keiko Sakurai.- The rise of new madrasas and the decline of tribal leadership in Fata, Pakistan / So Yamane.- Women's empowerment and Iranian style-seminaries in Iran and Pakistan / Keiko Sakurai.- Contested notions of being "Muslim": madrasas, ulama and the authenticity of Islamic schooling in Bangladesh / Humayun Kabir.- Islamic education in China: the challenge of educating Hui women / Masumi Matsumoto and Atsuko Shimbo.- Religious dependency in Afghanistan: Shia madrasas as a religious mode of social assertion? / Fariba Adelkhah.- Epilogue / Dale F. Eickelman