The basics of good reasoning - The basic tools of reasoning - Evaluating arguments - Deductive reasoning - Categorical logic - Basic propositional logic- Truth tables - Rules of inference - Inductive reasoning - Probability and induction - Generalization, analogy, and causation - Inference to the best explanation - Informal fallacies - Graduate school entrance exams - Reasoning on the GRE, LSAT, GMAT, and MCAT