Introduction -- Incubation and origins : the ancient period -- The pre-history of Christian thought -- Jesus of Nazareth -- The Apostle Paul : his thought and context -- The break from Judaism -- Definition and resistance : the patristic period -- Persecution of Christians -- Spirituality and asceticism : desert fathers and mothers -- The Christian apologists : interacting with gnosticism and other heresies -- The early church councils : christological controversy and definition -- Trinitarian debate -- Formation of the New Testament canon -- Augustine : philosopher, theologian, and church father -- Establishment and diversification : the medieval period -- Monasticism of the early Middle Ages -- Eastern Christianity splits from the West -- Anselm, Abelard, and B ernard -- Islam and Judaism in the middle ages -- Women and theology in the Middle Ages -- Thomas aquinas -- Preparation for reform -- Protest and revolution : the Reformation period -- Martin Luther -- The reformed tradition -- Protesting against the Protestants : anabaptism and the radical reformation -- Reformation continues : the English and the Catholics -- Enlightenment and evolution : the modern period -- The challenge of modernism -- Pietism and revivalism -- Romanticism's response to Enlightenment theology -- Neo-orthodoxy :Karl Barth and others -- Major theological traditions and developments in the 02th century -- Conclusion: Recent and emerging themes