عنوان

بررسی ارتباط اخلاق و دین در فلسفه کانت

فارسی

بررسی ارتباط اخلاق و دین در فلسفه کانت

بهنام شجاع

پایگاه اطلاع رسانی حوزه

1388

چکیده (انگلیسی): Philosophy where is going, creates deep thoughtful challenges. And force ‎numbers to search to finding his satisfaction. Morality and religion are not except from this ‎matter, too. This challenge begins with plato, he asks to understanding reason and sources of ‎good acts in euthyphron epistle, that: "what is good, whether is it God's favorite, because it is ‎good, or whether o sot good because of God's loves for it? " after this religion thinkers take God ‎and this will, basis of goodness to save absolute power of god. Thinkers of morality want to keep ‎freedom and basic moral values of human beings and so rescue God's wisdom and his justice. ‎They, therefore, set universal and objective principles as a basis and criterion, in –it-self. Kant is ‎from philosophers, too, that considered this matter. He believes that morality have priority over ‎religion, and true behavior principles is discoverable in human swlt withoru referring to religion ‎and he digs the concept of "good will" in investigation of "supreme principle of morality" as ‎recognition basis of acts goodness, he gets to concept of "duty" in it, he gets to concept of "law" ‎in this, which practical pure reason order to inclined will it, he get to "reverence sense" related to ‎the same law by intelligence will. Therefore, he gets to obey and adhere to such law. He believes ‎that moral law is syntheric a priori judgment. He set five formulas out to it, that the formula of ‎autonomy is best of them, that in it obedient person of moral law is legislator of the same law ‎too. Thus principle of freedom evidence, that is from practical reason principles. But kant has ‎recourses to assuming existence of God to proving "summon bonum" and because the morality ‎not being without powerful caver, that of one violated or acted according to it, had tests his act ‎retribution. And here, religion is necessary to be validity surety of morality as it conclusion. In ‎kant's view, religion is "religion of revelation", that is external matter in relation to human, and it ‎has various forms in history. Or is "natural religion" that is internal and practical. And is not more ‎than one. Historical religion had been reduces in it. Natural religion is not rule of morality, but it ‎is that's conclusion. Religion of revelation is necessary to human enjoyment from God's grace by ‎reason of his deficiency and it is complementary of natural religion that this has connections with ‎human self action. And virtue is available only in natural religion that is same of the moral ‎conclusion. Therefore, religion of revelation as a supernatural religion to draw Gods kindness for ‎help to poor and limited human beings and also natural religion as a necessary conclusion of ‎morality complete each other. but appealing only to revelation as a drawing grace religion from ‎bless god and worship custom in general, without natural religion, is religious temptation. And ‎not reach to perfection of competences without natural religion, and he not more improve than ‎ago toward humanity. Thus basis of humanity relate to natural religion, thoroughly as an internal ‎struggle and exercise to earn moral virtues and rely to happiness by believe to God that he is ‎keeper of morality and is surety of our happiness. Thus morality is prior to religion .

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