The Rise of China, New Patterns of North-South Trade in Natural Resources and Their Impacts on Standards
: Evidence from the British Columbia Forest Products Sector
/ Paul Bowles
; Fiona MacPhail
The growth of Asian developing countries and China in particular, has changed patterns of world trade. One example of this is an increasing natural resource export from northern (high-income) countries to southern (lowincome) countries. The shift in the export of natural resources to southern countries raises questions about whether this also leads to a shift in standards as a result of the lower standards and weaker enforcement of standards in the southern countries now demanding natural resources. We address this issue by examining exports of British Columbia forest products over the past decade where there has been a clear export market shift from the USA to China over this period. We conclude that, because of the production characteristics of the forest product sector, to date there has been no shift to lower standards as a result of the shift in the direction of trade toward China. In fact, the general case is that producers meet the standards set in the highest importing market: a reversal of the more usual ‘race to the bottom’ hypothesis.