Pt. I. The formation of the Islamic tradition. Islam in global perspective , Arabia , The pre-Islamic Near East , The life of Muhammad , The Qur'an , The tradition literature - Pt. II. The expansion of Islam. The conquests , Religion of empire , TheCaliphate - Pt. III. Islamic institutions. Islamic law , Islamic theology and philosophy , Sufism - Pt. IV. Crisis and renewal in Islamic history. Turks, Crusaders, and Mongols , Revival and reform , Islam and the West , The turbulent twentieth century , Islam in the twenty-first century - Glossary