The emergence of international human rights -- State responsibility and 'jurisdiction' -- The typology of States' obligations and the obligation to respect human rights -- The application of human rights in private relationships and the obligation to protect -- The progressive realization of human rights and the obligation to fulfil -- Derogations in time of public emergency -- The prohibition of discrimination -- Ensuring compliance with international human rights law : the role of national authorities -- The United Nations human rights treaties system -- The United Nations charter-based monitoring of human rights -- Regional mechanisms of protection.